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1.
Biol. Res ; 40(3): 365-372, 2007. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-481314

ABSTRACT

The inactivation of tumour suppressor genes by aberrant methylation of promoter regions has been described as a frequent event in neoplasia development, including lung cancer. The p16 gene is a tumour suppressor gene involved in the regulation of cell cycle progression that has been reported to be inactivated by promoter methylation in lung carcinomas at variable frequencies around the world in a smoking habit dependent manner. The purpose of this study was to investigate the methylation status of the promoter region of the p16 gene in 74 non-small cell lung carcinomas from Chile. The frequency of p16 gene inactivation by promoter methylation was determined as 79.7 percent (59/74). When we considered histological type, we observed that p16 promoter methylation was significantly higher in squamous cell carcinomas (30/33, 91 percent) compared with adenocarcinomas (21/30, 70 percent) (p=0.029). In addition, no association between p16 promoter methylation and gender, age or smoking habit was found (p=0.202, 0.202 and 0.147 respectively). Our results suggest that p16 promoter hypermethylation is a very frequent event in non-small cell lung carcinomas from Chile and could be smoking habit-independent.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics , DNA Methylation/drug effects , Lung Neoplasms/genetics , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Smoking/adverse effects , Chile , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/etiology , Lung Neoplasms/etiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction
2.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-37791

ABSTRACT

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded small RNA can be detected in about 1-17 % of gastric carcinomas. To elucidate lifestyles and other factors related to such an EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (EBV-GC), we conducted a case-control study in Cali, Colombia. The study subjects were 368 patients with gastric carcinoma newly diagnosed during the period between September 2000 and June 2003, including 42 EBV-GC cases. We obtained information on lifestyles, dietary habits, and occupational exposure by a questionnaire. The frequency of EBV-GC was related to birth order of patients (P for trend =0.025). More precisely, EBV-GC was much less frequent among the patients who were the eldest child in a family (P=0.007). Those findings were contrary to what was reported by the study conducted in Japan, where EBV-GC was more frequently observed among eldest brothers/sisters. A possible explanation for the apparently conflicting results is that EBV-GC risk is related to the age at first EBV infection but its relationship is not monotonic. In addition to the relationship with birth order, the present study showed that high salt intake and metal dust exposure may be related to EBV-GC as reported by the Japanese study although these associations observed in the present study were not statistically significant. No significant association was observed in other factors, including dietary habits. Further studies seem warranted to elucidate the difference between Japan and Colombia with respect to the environmental factors related to EBV-GC cases.


Subject(s)
Aged , Birth Order , Case-Control Studies , Colombia/epidemiology , Diet , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications , Female , Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification , Humans , Life Style , Male , Middle Aged , Occupational Exposure , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 133(7): 753-760, jul. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-429133

ABSTRACT

Background: Mortality caused by cardial gastric cancer in Chile, is increasing. Previously we demonstrated an association between Epstein Barr virus and this specific location of gastric cancer. Aim: To perform a clinical and molecular characterization of cardial gastric cancer associated to Epstein Barr virus. Material and methods: Epstein Barr virus was identified in 93 cardial gastric tumors, by in situ hybridization. Clinical and pathological features, survival and expression of p53 and c-erbB2 were compared between tumors with or without the presence of the virus. Results: Twenty two (23.6%) tumors expressed Epstein Barr virus. No difference in sex or age of patients with tumors positive or negative for the virus was observed. Epstein Barr positive tumors had a tendency to have a higher frequency of Bormann III endoscopic appearance and a lower frequency of p53 accumulation (p=0.06). Five years survival was 67% and 42% of tumors positive and negative for the presence of the virus, respectively (p=0.57). Conclusions: Our results, although not significant, show a tendency towards unique characteristics of cardial gastric tumors associated to Epstein Barr virus.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardia/virology , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications , Stomach Neoplasms/virology , Cardia/pathology , Chi-Square Distribution , Chile/epidemiology , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/mortality , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/pathology , /genetics , /isolation & purification , Immunohistochemistry , In Situ Hybridization , Stomach Neoplasms/mortality , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
4.
Colomb. med ; 35(1): 12-17, 2004.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-422819

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Este estudio se realizó con el fin de obtener un acercamiento con la epidemiología geográfica de las neoplasias linfoide en Cali y el suroccidente colombiano, con atención especial en la leucemia linfoma de células T del adulto. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizó información del Registro Poblacional de Cáncer de Cali, de las personas con linfoma no Hodgkin y leucemia linfoides entre 1987 y 1996 procedentes de la costa pacífica. Se obtuvo material incluido en parafina de los pacientes con linfoma no Hodgkin del departamento de Patología, del Hospital Universitario del Valle, con el próposito de investigar secuencias provirales para HTLV-I usando técnicas biomoleculares. Además, se obtuvieron muestras de sangre de voluntarios nativos de Tumaco que representan niveles socioecónomicos bajo, medio y alto, y se analizaron para anticuerpos contra HTLV-I/II con una prueba de imunoabsorción ligada con enzimas (ELISA, Abbott®) y confirmados por Western blot. Resultados: La tasa de incidencia global para linfoma no Hodgkin es al menos dos veces mayor para leucemias en ambos sexos y no ha mostrado cambios notables, mientras la leucemia linfoide ha aumentado en ambos sexos, de manera más notoria en mujeres. La tasa de incidencia para linfoma no Hodgkin aumenta con la edad en ambos sexos. Cinco de 75 casos de linfoma fueron positivos para secuencia de HTLV-I por PCR, en los especímenes tisulares y ninguno de los pacientes tenía prueba serológica para HTLV; 18 (5.1/100) de las 356 personas fueron positivas serológicamente para anticuerpos contra el HTLV-I muestreadas en Tumaco.Conclusiones: Varios casos de ATL pueden pasar desapercibidos en pacientes con linfoma no Hodgkin en quienes la asociación no había sido sospechada. La seroprevalencia de HTLV-I en Tumaco es más alta en mujeres. Merece la pena continuar investigando la intercurrencia con infecciones u otros factores medioambientales que facilitarían una progresión rápida de portadores ATL en habitantes del área


Subject(s)
Health Surveys , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 , Leukemia/epidemiology , Leukemia/pathology , Lymphoma, T-Cell/epidemiology , Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology , Colombia
5.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 18(2): 83-89, abr.-jun. 2002. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-321521

ABSTRACT

El cáncer pulmonar constituye la primera causa de muerte por cáncer en el mundo y la cuarta causa de muerte por cáncer en Chile. El carcinoma escamoso de pulmón representa entre 35 por ciento a 50 por ciento de los casos de cáncer pulmonar. Existe fuerte evidencia, aunque aun controversial, respecto de la asociación entre esta forma histológica y la infección por Virus Papiloma Humano (VPH), siendo los genotipos VPH 16 y 18 los que se han asociado a lesiones malignas y premalignas de diversos tejidos epiteliales. Analizamos casos de carcinomas escamosos de pulmón del tipo queratinizante para evaluar la presencia de genotipos de VPH 16 y 18 en Chile. Quince casos con diagnóstico histológico de carcinoma escamoso moderada y altamente diferenciados en tejido incluido en parafina, fueron tratados con xilol y etanol y resuspendidos en proteinasa K durante 48 horas a 56 C para la extracción de ADN. Este se amplificó mediante la reacción de polimerasa en cadenas (PCR) usando partidores específicos para VPH genérico, VPH 16, VPH 18 y betaglobina humana como control positivo interno. Los amplificados fueron revelados en geles de polacrilamida y tinción con nitrato de plata. Identificamos la presencia de VPH genérico en 6 (42,2 por ciento) de 13 casos amplificables. De estos casos todos correspondieron al genotipo VPH 16 y ninguno correspondió al genotipo VPH 18. La presencia de VPH 16 en la serie analizada indicaría que VPH puede tener algún rol en cáncer pulmonar del tipo escamoso - queratinizante. Es interesante la ausencia de VPH 18 en la serie analizada lo cual podría indicar características epidemiológicas propias en nuestra población. En esta serie analizada, una muestra mostró no corresponder a los genotipos estudiados. Es necesario realizar un estudio más amplio con otros genotipos de VPH y un universo mayor de casos para confirmar estos resultados


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Lung Neoplasms , Neoplasms, Squamous Cell , Papillomaviridae , Lung Neoplasms , Neoplasms, Squamous Cell , Papillomaviridae , Polymerase Chain Reaction
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